Cartograms distort space and size to convey information. In these types of maps, the size of the given areas are proportional to the value of the information that it is trying to convey. In the example above, the size of the continents are proportional to the percent of people who are living with HIV in that given location. One is able to see that the continent with the biggest size and area is the location that has the highest percent of HIV infected people.
http://www.improving-visualisation.org/vis/id=304
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